What is cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a fatlike substance that's found in animal products and is also made in your liver. Your body needs cholesterol to make hormones, vitamin D (which is important for healthy bones), and bile (which helps your body use dietary fat). There are two types of cholesterol:
Dietary cholesterol comes from the foods that you eat. It's only found in foods that come from animals, such as eggs, meat, fish, dairy products, and butter. It's also found in foods made with butter, including cake, cookies, and muffins. Fruits, vegetables, and grains don't contain cholesterol.
Blood cholesterol is the cholesterol that is found in your blood. Some of this cholesterol is made by your liver and some it comes from the food you eat. There are two main types of cholesterol in your blood. HDL cholesterol is the "good" kind of cholesterol found in blood. LDL cholesterol is the "bad" cholesterol found in blood. Research has shown that high levels of HDL may help protect against heart disease, while high levels of LDL may increase a person's risk for heart disease.
Blood cholesterol is affected by many different things, including the type of fat you eat in your diet, how much you exercise, how much you weigh, and your family history (if your mother or father has high cholesterol, you may too). Aerobic exercise (which keeps your heart strong) is helpful for increasing your HDL cholesterol levels. Try fun aerobic activities such as bike riding, walking, jogging, playing soccer, or taking dance classes.
What is dietary fat?
Dietary fat is the fat found in food. It is important for your health and is needed for normal growth and development of your body. Dietary fat has many different functions in your body, such as:
- Providing long lasting energy
- Helping you feel full after eating
- Helping make hormones
- Forming part of your brain and nervous system
- Forming cell membranes for every cell in your body
- Carrying vitamins throughout your body
- Helping to regulate your body temperature and keep you warm
What are the different types of dietary fat?
The four main types of fat found in food are monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, saturated fat, and trans fat. Most foods have a different balance (or amounts) of these types of fats.
Monounsaturated fat is a "heart healthy" type of fat. Research shows that monounsaturated fats may help to decrease LDL ("bad") cholesterol and increase HDL ("good") cholesterol.
| Good Sources of Monounsaturated Fat Include: | |
| Avocados | Olive Oil |
| Almonds | Peanut Butter |
| Canola Oil | Peanut Oil |
| Cashews | Sunflower Oil |
| Hazelnuts | |
| Nutrition Tip: Try to increase your intake of monounsaturated fat. | |
Polyunsaturated fat is also a "heart healthy" type of fat. There are two essential fatty acids (linolenic and linoleic) that your body uses to make substances that control blood pressure, blood clotting, and your immune system response. Linolenic fatty acids are a special type of fat called Omega-3 fats which are known to have many health benefits.
| Good Sources of Polyounsaturated Fat Include: | |
| Canola Oil | Sardines |
| Corn Oil | Sesame Seeds |
| Cottonseed Oil | Soybeans |
| Flaxseeds | Soybean Oil |
| Herring | Sunflower Oil |
| Mackerel | Tuna |
| Pine Nuts | Trout |
| Pumpkin Seeds | Walnuts |
| Salmon | |
| Good Sources of Omega-3 Fats Include: | |
| Canola Oil | Mackerel |
| Flaxseeds | Nuts (such as walnuts) |
| Flaxseed Oil | Salmon |
| Green, leafy vegetables | Sardines |
| Halibut | Soy based foods (such as soybeans, soy nuts) |
| Lake Trout | Tofu |
| Legumes | Tuna |
| Nutrition Tip: Try to increase your intake of Omega-3 fats. | |
Saturated fat is also called "animal fat" because many of the richest sources of saturated from are foods that originally come from animals. Although your body needs a little bit of saturated fat to stay healthy, eating too much saturated fat may increase LDL ("bad") cholesterol.
| Sources of Saturated Fat | Healthier Options |
| Butter | Olive Oil |
| Cheese | Low-fat or reduced-fat cheese |
| Coconut Oil | Canola oil |
| Cream | Low-fat milk or fat-free creamer |
| Eggs | Egg whites or substitute |
| Ice Cream | Frozen yogurt or reduced-fat ice cream |
| Lard | Oil or all-vegetable shortening (look for 0 grams oftrans fat on the nutrition facts label) |
| Palm or Palm Kernal Oil | Canola oil |
| Poultry Skin | Poultry without the skin |
| Red Meat | White meat poultry or fish |
| Whole Milk | Low-fat milk |
| Nutrition Tip: Try to decrease your intake of saturated fat. | |
Trans fat is formed when liquid oils are made into solid fats. Trans fats are made artificially by food manufacturers. They were originally thought to be the healthier option to replace saturated fats. However, research shows that trans fats are by far the least healthy type of fat. Trans fats increase LDL ("bad") cholesterol and decrease HDL ("healthy") cholesterol and should be avoided.
| Sources of Trans Dietary Fat Include: | |
| Cookies | Fried Foods |
| Crackers | Margarine (where the nutrition label does not say 0 grams of trans fat) |
| Donuts | Muffins |
| Fast Food | Shortening |
| Nutrition Tip: Try to do away with trans fat in your diet. | |
How much fat should I eat?
Because there are many health benefits that come from eating fat, there's no need to follow a low-fat diet. The key is to choose mostly healthy types of fat. About 30% of the energy we eat should come from fat. The rest of your energy should come from a combination of carbohydrates and protein.
Remember: Fat can and should be included as a part of healthy eating. It’s the type of fat you eat that matters.
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